📘 Biology
Short Questions
- Differentiate between breathing and cellular respiration.
- Trace the path of air from the nasal cavity to the alveoli.
- How will you differentiate between a stoma and a lenticel?
- What are the major organs involved in homeostasis in human body? State the roles of each of these organs.
- Identify and label the following diagram.
- Identify the two types of coordination in living organisms.
- Differentiate between the modes of nervous and chemical coordinations.
- What are the main components of coordination?
- Define reflex action and reflex arc.
- Trace the path of a nerve impulse in case of a reflex action.
- Describe the pupil reflex in dim and bright light.
- How would you associate the role of vitamin A with vision and effects of its deficiency on retina?
- Define the terms; hormone and endocrine system.
- Differentiate between cartilage and bone.
- What is the role of skeleton in support and movement?
- How would you differentiate between osteoporosis and arthritis?
- Label the biceps and triceps in the following diagrams and also mention their contracted or relaxed states.
- How are the natural and artificial vegetative propagations the methods of asexual reproduction in plants?
- Why do gardeners use the methods of cutting and grafting?
- "Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction". Give comments on this statement.
- Outline the life cycle of a flowering plant.
- What structural adaptations will you find in a wind-pollinated flower?
- Define genotype and phenotype.
- What do you mean by dominant and recessive alleles?
- What are the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?
- Differentiate between natural and artificial selection.
- What are the different levels of ecological organization?
- Define ecosystem and its components.
- How the flow of energy is different from that of materials?
- Define food chain and food web.
- What do you mean by the concept of 3Rs with reference to the conservation of natural resources?
- How would you define fermentation with reference to biotechnology?
- Name any two industrial products made by fermentation. Also describe their uses in the industry.
- What are the products of the two types of carbohydrate fermentation?
- Give an example how biotechnology is helping for better environment.
- In biotechnology, what is meant by Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)? How is it made?
- Define pharmacology and distinguish it from pharmacy.
- Differentiate between medicinal drug and addictive drug.
- Differentiate between analgesic and antibiotic.
- What is marijuana? To which category of addictive drugs, it belongs?
- Differentiate between narcotics and hallucinogens.
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
Long Questions
- How do the different parts of the plant body exchange gases with the environment?
- Write down the steps of inhalation and exhalation.
- State the signs and symptoms, causes and treatments of bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonia.
- How does the tobacco smoke damage the respiratory system?
- Describe the process of selective re-absorption in the kidneys.
- How do the plants excrete extra water and salts from their bodies?
- What is the functional unit of the kidney? Describe its structure and draw labelled diagram.
- What steps are involved in the formation of urine in the kidneys?
- “Along with excretion, kidneys also play role in Osmoregulation.” Comment on this statement.
- Explain what can happen if there is no coordination in the activities of organisms.
- Explain the location and function of these parts of brain; cerebrum, cerebellum, pituitary gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata.
- Define neuron and describe the structure of a general neuron.
- Describe the structure of human eye.
- How would you describe the structure of the external, middle and inner ear of man?
- What are short sight and long sight problems and how these can be treated?
- Explain the role of ear in the maintenance of balance.
- Relate the contribution of Ibn-al-Haitham and Al-Ibn-Isa with knowledge about the structure of eye and treatment of various ophthalmic diseases.
- Outline the major glands of the endocrine system (pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, gonads), with name of their hormones and their functions.
- Describe negative feedback with reference to insulin and glucagon.
- Explain how adrenaline may be involved in exercise and emergency conditions.
- Enlist the important symptoms and treatments of paralysis and epilepsy.
- What are the main components of the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton of human?
- Describe the types of joints and give examples.
- What are ligaments and tendons? What function do they perform?
- Explain antagonism in muscle action selecting biceps and triceps as example
- Give an introduction of Pakistan’s National AIDS Control Program.
- What are the different ways by which prokaryotes, protozoans and fungi reproduce asexually?
- Explain the different parts of the plant that help in natural vegetative propagation.
- Explain, how the epigeal and hypogeal germinations are different?
- What conditions are necessary for the germination of seeds?
- Outline the methods of asexual reproduction in animals.
- Write a note on the male and female reproductive systems of rabbit.
- Describe the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
- Why do we consider that overpopulation is a global problem?
- Describe the structure of chromatin.
- Describe Mendel’s law of segregation.
- Explain how Mendel proved the law of independent assortment.
- How would you prove that variations lead to evolution?
- Explain the phenomenon of incomplete dominance with the help of example.
- What do you mean by co-dominance. Give an example.
- Explain what do you mean by the pyramids of number and biomass.
- Write a note on Carbon cycle.
- What are the different stages of Nitrogen cycle?
- Write notes on competition, predation and symbiosis.
- Explain how human activities have contributed to the loss of balance in nature.
- Write note on the causes and effects of the air and water pollutions.
- Define biotechnology and describe its importance.
- What is a fermenter? What are the two types of fermentation carried out in fermenters?
- Describe the achievements of genetic engineering in medicine, agriculture and environment.
- What basic steps a genetic engineer adopts during the manipulation of genes?
- What are single cell proteins? Describe their importance.
- What are the sources of drugs? Give examples.
- Write a note on sedatives, narcotics and hallucinogens.
- Describe the main groups of antibiotics.
- Write a note on resistance against antibiotics.
- Describe the mode of action of vaccines.
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
Administrator: SADIA ANWAR Assistant: KHADIJA AHMED
Time Allowed: ?
Total Marks: ?
Syllabus: ?
Institute: ?
INSTRUCTONS
*Note: Write answers neatly and in sequence.Use black or blue pen only.
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